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The calculation procedures of all data required for the calculation of ET o by means of the FAO Penman-Monteith equation are presented in Chapter 3. ET o is obtained by combining the results of the previous steps.Įxamples 17 and 20 present typical examples using the calculation sheet.Ĭalculations of the reference crop evapotranspiration ET o are often computerized. The net radiation, expressed in MJ m -2 day -1, is converted to mm/day (equivalent evaporation) in the FAO Penman-Monteith equation by using 0.408 as the conversion factor within the equation.Ĥ. In the calculation sheet, the effect of soil heat flux (G) is ignored for daily calculations as the magnitude of the flux in this case is relatively small. Determination of the net radiation (R n) as the difference between the net shortwave radiation (R ns) and the net longwave radiation (R nl). The saturation vapour pressure (e s) is derived from T max and T min, while the actual vapour pressure (e a) can be derived from the dewpoint temperature (T dew), from maximum (RH max) and minimum (RH min) relative humidity, from the maximum (RH max), or from mean relative humidity (RH mean).ģ. Calculation of the vapour pressure deficit (e s - e a). Derivation of some climatic parameters from the daily maximum (T max) and minimum (T min) air temperature, altitude (z) and mean wind speed (u 2).Ģ. The calculation procedure consists of the following steps:ġ. The calculation sheet refers to tables in Annex II for the determination of some of the climatic parameters. Calculation procedureĮT o can be estimated by means of the calculation sheet presented in Box 11.
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The FAO Penman-Monteith equation determines the evapotranspiration from the hypothetical grass reference surface and provides a standard to which evapotranspiration in different periods of the year or in other regions can be compared and to which the evapotranspiration from other crops can be related. G soil heat flux density ,Į s - e a saturation vapour pressure deficit ,ĭ slope vapour pressure curve , The procedure to obtain ET o from pan evaporation and the coefficients for different types of pans are presented in this chapter.įrom the original Penman-Monteith equation and the equations of the aerodynamic and canopy resistance, the FAO Penman-Monteith equation has been derived in Chapter 2:ĮT o reference evapotranspiration , The ET o calculation can be done by hand with the help of a calculation sheet, or by means of a computer.ĮT o can also be estimated from the evaporation loss from a water surface. This chapter presents guidelines to calculate ET o with different time steps, ranging from hours to months, and with missing climatic data. The method itself is introduced in Chapter 2, and the computation of all data required for the calculation of ET o is discussed in Chapter 3. The FAO Penman-Monteith method is maintained as the sole standard method for the computation of ET o from meteorological data.
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The IMD NowCast also said there would be dust storm/thunderstorm with light intensity rain and gusty winds with speed of 50-80 kmph over and adjoining areas of entire NCR - Loni Dehat, Hindon AF Station, Bahadurgarh, Ghaziabad, Indirapuram, Chhapraula, Noida, Dadri, Greater Noida, Gurugram, Faridabad, Manesar, Ballabhgarh) Yamunanagar, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Narwana, Karnal, Rajaund, Assandh, Safidon, Barwala, Jind, Panipat, Hissar, Gohana, Gannaur, Hansi, Meham, Sonipat, Tosham, Rohtak, Kharkhoda, Charkhi Dadri, Mattanhail, Jhajjar, Farukhnagar, Kosali, Sohana, Rewari, Palwal, Bawal, Nuh (Haryana) Saharanpur, Gangoh, Deoband, Nazibabad, Shamli, Muzaffarnagar, Kandhla, Khatauli, Sakoti Tanda, Hastinapur, Baraut, Daurala, Bagpat, Meerut, Khekra, Modinagar, Kithor, Garhmukteshwar, Pilakhua, Hapur, Gulaoti, Siyana, Sikandrabad, Bulandshahar (Uttar Pradesh) Bhiwari (Rajasthan).This chapter demonstrates how the crop reference evapotranspiration (ET o) is determined either from meteorological data or from pan evaporation. The IMD had earlier predicted a wet spell for North-West India from May 22-24 with peak intensity on May 23. It is just terrific rain with overcast sky and it feels like monsoon," said Mukti Sagar, a resident of Ghaziabad.
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"Rains have washed all the dust off trees. On Sunday, IMD issued an 'orange alert' for the national capital predicting light rain accompanied by squall at the speed of 50-60 kmph on Monday under the influence of a western disturbance. Delhi and neighbouring areas witnessed gusty winds and heavy rain on Monday early morning.